description

Marble

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Marble in Carrara marble quarry, Italy

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

The Taj Mahal is entirely clad in marble.

Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Marble may be foliated. Geologists use the term “marble” to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however, stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone.[1]Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material.

Etymology

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Carlo Franzoni’s sculptural marble chariot clock depicting Clio, the Greek muse of history.

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Marble wall of RuskealaRepublic of KareliaRussia

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

The word “marble” derives from the Ancient Greekμάρμαρον (mármaron),[2] from μάρμαρος (mármaros), “crystalline rock, shining stone”,[3][4] perhaps from the verb μαρμαίρω (marmaírō), “to flash, sparkle, gleam”;[5]R. S. P. Beekes has suggested that a “Pre-Greek origin is probable.”[6]

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Folded and weathered marble at General Carrera LakeChile

This stem is also the basis for the English word marmoreal, meaning “marble-like.” While the English term resembles the Frenchmarbre, most other European languages follow the original Greek—see Persian and IrishmarmarSpanishmármolItalianmarmoPortuguesemármoreWelshSloveneGermanNorwegianDanish and SwedishmarmorFinnishmarmori,RomanianmarmurăPolishmarmurDutchmarmerTurkishmermerCzechmramor, and Russianмрáмор (mramor). In Hungarian it is called márvány.

Physical origins

Marble is a rock resulting from metamorphism of sedimentarycarbonate rocks, most commonly limestone or dolomite rock. Metamorphism causes variable recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral grains. The resulting marble rock is typically composed of an interlocking mosaic of carbonate crystals. Primary sedimentary textures and structures of the original carbonate rock (protolith) have typically been modified or destroyed.

Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of a very pure (silicate-poor) limestone or dolomite protolith. The characteristic swirls and veins of many colored marble varieties are usually due to various mineral impurities such as claysiltsandiron oxides, or chert which were originally present as grains or layers in the limestone. Green coloration is often due to serpentine resulting from originally magnesium-rich limestone or dolostone with silica impurities. These various impurities have been mobilized and recrystallized by the intense pressure and heat of the metamorphism.

Types

Examples of historically notable marble varieties and locations:

Marble Color Location Country
Pentelic marble[7] pure-white, fine-grained semitranslucent Mount Pentelicus (Πεντελικό όρος), Attica (Ἀττική)  Greece
Creole marble white and blue/black Pickens County, Georgia  United States
Etowah marble pink, salmon, rose Pickens County, Georgia  United States
Makrana marble white MakranaNagaur districtRajasthan  India
Murphy marble white Pickens and Gilmer Counties, Georgia  United States
Nero Marquina marble black Markina, Spain  Spain
Parian marble pure-white, fine-grained Island of Paros (Πάρος), South Aegean (Νοτίου Αιγαίου)  Greece
Carrara marble white or blue-gray CarraraTuscany  Italy
Ruskeala marble white near Ruskeala (Рускеала), Karelia (Карелия)  Russia
Rușchița marble[8] white, pinkish, reddish Poiana Ruscă MountainsCaraș-Severin County  Romania
Sienna marble[9] yellow with violet, red, blue or white veins near SienaTuscany  Italy
Bianco Sivec white near Prilep (Прилеп), Pelagonia (Пелагониски)  Macedonia
Swedish green marble green near KolmårdenSödermanland  Sweden
Sylacauga marble white Talladega County, Alabama  United States
Vermont marble white Proctor, Vermont  United States
Yule marble uniform pure white near Marble, Colorado  United States
Wunsiedel marble white WunsiedelBavaria  Germany

Uses

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Ritual amphora of veined marble from ZakrosNew palace period(1500–1450 BC), HeraklionArchaeological Museum, Crete.

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

An 1862 monumental conical pendulum clock by Eugène Farcot with a red griotte marble pedestal

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Marble Products in RomblonPhilippines.

Sculpture

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

White marble has been prized for its use in sculptures[10] since classical times. This preference has to do with its softness, which made it easier to carve, relative isotropy and homogeneity, and a relative resistance to shattering. Also, the low index of refraction of calcite allows light to penetrate several millimeters into the stone before being scattered out, resulting in the characteristic waxy look which gives “life” to marble sculptures of any kind, which is why many sculptors preferred and still prefer marble for sculpting.

Construction marble

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Construction marble is a stone which is composed of calcite, dolomite or serpentine which is capable of taking a polish.[11] More generally in construction, specifically the dimension stone trade, the term “marble” is used for any crystalline calcitic rock (and some non-calcitic rocks) useful as building stone. For example, Tennessee marble is really a dense granular fossiliferous gray to pink to maroon Ordovician limestone that geologists call the Holston Formation.

Ashgabat, the capital city of Turkmenistan, was recorded in the 2013 Guinness Book of Records as having the world’s highest concentration of white marble buildings.[12]

Production

According to the United States Geological Survey, U.S. domestic marble production in 2006 was 46,400 tons valued at about $18.1 million, compared to 72,300 tons valued at $18.9 million in 2005. Crushed marble production (for aggregate and industrial uses) in 2006 was 11.8 million tons valued at $116 million, of which 6.5 million tons was finely ground calcium carbonate and the rest was construction aggregate. For comparison, 2005 crushed marble production was 7.76 million tons valued at $58.7 million, of which 4.8 million tons was finely ground calcium carbonate and the rest was construction aggregate. U.S. dimension marble demand is about 1.3 million tons. The DSAN World Demand for (finished) Marble Index has shown a growth of 12% annually for the 2000–2006 period, compared to 10.5% annually for the 2000–2005 period. The largest dimension marble application is tile.

In 1998, marble production was dominated by 4 countries that accounted for almost half of world production of marble and decorative stone. Italy and China were the world leaders, each representing 16% of world production, while Spain and India produced 9% and 8%, respectively. Italy is the world leader in marble export, with 20% share in global marble production, followed by China with 16%, India with 10%, Spain with 6%, and Portugal with 5%.[13]

Occupational safety

Dust produced by cutting marble could cause lung disease but more research needs to be carried out on whether dust filters and other safety products reduce this risk.[14]

United States

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for marble exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m3 total exposure and 5 mg/m3 respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 10 mg/m3 total exposure and 5 mg/m3 respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.[15]

Microbial degradation

The haloalkaliphilic methylotrophic bacterium Methylophaga murata was isolated from deteriorating marble in the Kremlin.[16] Bacterial and fungal degradation was detected in four samples of marble from Milan cathedral; black Cladosporium attacked dried acrylic resin[17] using melanin.[18]

Cultural associations

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Jadwiga of Poland‘s sarcophagus by Antoni Madeyski, Wawel CathedralCracow

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers

Relief on the Marble Door of the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul

As the favorite medium for Greek and Roman sculptors and architects (see classical sculpture), marble has become a cultural symbol of tradition and refined taste. Its extremely varied and colorful patterns make it a favorite decorative material, and it is often imitated in background patterns for computer displays, etc.

Places named after the stone include Marblehead, MassachusettsMarblehead, OhioMarble Arch, London; the Sea of Marmara; India’s Marble Rocks; and the towns of Marble, MinnesotaMarble, ColoradoMarble Falls, Texas, and Marble Hill, Manhattan, New York. The Elgin Marbles are marble sculptures from the Parthenon that are on display in the British Museum. They were brought to Britain by the Earl of Elgin.

Artificial marble

Marble dust is combined with cement or synthetic resins to make reconstituted or cultured marble. The appearance of marble can be simulated with faux marbling, a painting technique that imitates the stone’s color patterns.

Gallery

Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
The Nike of Samothrace is made of Parian marble (c. 220–190 BC)
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
The Praetorians Relief, made from grey veined marble, c. 51–52 AD
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Ancient marble columns in the prayer hall of the Mosque of Uqba, in KairouanTunisia
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Aon Center in Chicago was the tallest structure clad in marble upon its completion. The marble however proved to be fragile, and the building was re-clad in a similarly-colored granite at an extreme financial cost.
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Cleopatra by William Wetmore Story was described and admired in Nathaniel Hawthorne‘s romance, The Marble Faun, and is on display at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
Marble Home Karnal | Marble Cutting Machine Dealers| Marble Dealers
As with many Brazil’s government buildings in Brasília, the Palácio do Planalto, official workplace of the Brazilian President, is clad in marble

See also

External Links

Parry Ware Marble Company

http://www.kerakoll.com/

https://www.hrjohnsonindia.com/

Neel Kanth Vink

http://www.simpolo.net/

https://www.aglasiangranito.com/

 

Amenities
Data not found.
Photos
Video
FAQ
Working Hour
Not found data
Detail info
Website
Email
Adress2, Wazir Chand Colony, Kunjpura Road, Karnal, Haryana 132001
Phone7082811589
KeywordCeramic Tiles India
Featured Listing
School Education
GMSSSS THANA was established in 1952 and it is managed by the Department of Education. It is located ...
Profile Photo
worldeye

Chat Settings

Chat Theme
0/50
Set a greeting message to show to new chat participants. E.g., Welcome to my chat.
0/50
Set a fixed notification for the chat owner. E.g., We are off for this month.